Category Archives: architecture

RIP, Benoit Mandelbrot

Today marks the death of the brilliant polymath who discovered that, “Bottomless wonders spring from simple rules, …repeated without end.” Click on the fractal to the right for a dizzying (10-minute) immersion in fractals. Benoit Mandelbrot (Benjamin Almondbread), growing up under the Occupation of France knew every day could be his last, he said, so he dreamed big–and discovered fractal geometry, applying the computer some very old math problems. He talks about his life and his discoveries in this TED talk.:

The image is by Wolfgangbeyer, wikimedia commons

Walkability and Social Capital

A friend gave a presentation last week on her doctoral project: studying ten neighborhoods in each of two New Hampshire cities (Manchester and Portsmouth) to tease out the relationship between walkability–the number of places you can (and do) walk to–and social capital–a measure of community trust, engagement, and a sense of agency. (You can learn more about measuring social capital at Robert Putnam’s Saguaro Seminar.)

The bottom line is a linear correlation between walkability and–lots of things, chief among them, social capital, environmental sustainability, and personal health. Some interesting statistics: (1) 40% of greenhouse gas emissions are attributable to transportation, (2) for every 10 minutes you commute, you are 10% less likely to get involved in your community, and (3) two-thirds of the buildings that will exist in 2050 have not been built yet. Now is the time to design and construct the kinds of places we want–sustainable towns and cities with lively “village” centers within them with places worth walking to for shopping, for socializing, and fresh air.

New Oil Spill in Michigan

Some 800,000 gallons of oil is flowing into Michigan’s Kalamazoo River, the result of a burst pipe.

Meanwhile, the Gulf of Mexico is awash in oil.

And we have no climate bill why? No argument seems to penetrate Republican skulls. What good is democracy if it creates continual deadlock? The need to move forward as one nation, one people, commits us to the very interdependence that keeps us subject to the greed of the other side.

It has to be greed, personal gain, a dedication to one’s exquisite comfort, that compels Republicans to shy away from a climate bill that would price carbon at a true and fair rate.

Rush Limbaugh

I know many people adore Rush Limbaugh, thrill to his angry cries; even I admit the occasional indulgence in a Glenn Beck bathos-a-rama, but let’s be serious. All these guys are peddling is Blame. The world’s turning very dark: the Koreas are racing to assume aggressive postures, the Gulf Coast is getting slicky from an oil pipe poked a mile deep into the sea–and these guys are still pointing their fingers at guilty parties.

Pscyhologists will tell you that blame is a mighty primitive emotional state, burnished over millenia in our limbic systems. It’s often our first, comforting thought when something goes wrong. But blame is immature and unproductive.

The life we have addicted ourselves to depends on burning  fossil fuels for electricity and heat and it is in peril. It  may be dissolving before our eyes, washed away as if by some chemical dispersant.

Why do we keep hedging our bets? Where is Rush Limbaugh’s full-throated call for putting people to work designing and building a new energy system that doesn’t bake the planet at the at the same time?  Where is the cry for constructive action?

Blame’s so much easier, especially if you can position yourself as the victim in someone else’s blame game. Oh sweet, sweet passivity. Ladies, this may take more cojones than these guys have.

On Parting with a House

I put the  house I lived in for seventeen years on the market this year and it felt like I’d put in on a chopping block. This was not only my house, but an exemplary house, broad-shouldered and profoundly rational. It faced squarely south and bore enormous small-paned curving picture windows that let in a lot of light. I live now with my partner Ellen in her house not far away, a bungalow beneath towering spruce trees on the edge of a bird-filled wetland. Our lives have reached a point where we need to let go of one house in order to restore the other. We decided some time ago that my house did not suit us–so big, and somehow less private–but it has still been an agony letting go.

My sons were three (Jacob) and seven (Gabe) when I moved to this town with my ex-husband. He and I had a few good years there it was a nice place to be a family in. I wrote my book Believers in an attic studio and wrote some great poems there. Later, my father came and lived there when he was dying, only we took such good care of him that Hospice kicked him out and he moved to a nursing home.

A massive beech tree grows out back, dominating everything. It’s been scarred by children but remains amazing, easily a century old, with edible nuts that are hell on bare feet. Someone will no doubt take it down in order to built a garage and family room or something. There’s a playground way at the end of a long backyard where I let a maple forest grow after my sons grew up.

Liminal describes the time that elapses during transitions from one state to another. Some are very short, like the instant the New Year is born at 12:01 or the moment at which you marry, and some, like undertaking a complicated real estate transaction, feel interminable. They have a certain tension.

Slime Mold, Network Designer

In an experiment reported in the New York Times on Tuesday (Jan 26), slime mold uses design principles very close to those devised by humans. The slime mold is a unicellular being that spreads itself out in search of food and then links to food sources via tiny tubes. In the experiment, researchers placed food sources at the some position relative to the slime mold as the surrounding cities are to Tokyo. Within 24 hours, the slime mold had linked the food sources in a pattern similar to that of rail links among Tokyo and nearby cities. Reporter Henry Fountain writes, “The researchers found that the slime mold network was as efficient as the rail network, it tolerated breaks in the connections just as well, and it was created at reasonable cost to the organism.” The image at left, copied from the paper, shows the mold (yellow blob), food sources (white dots), and tubular connections (thin white lines) at 0, 5, 8, 11, 16, and 26 hours of activity.  This is considerably less time than it took engineers to design the railway system. Scientists have already created a mathematical model to replicate the simple steps–call them algorithms–that lead the slime mold to create this kind of pattern. How similar are human networks?

Zero Emissions House

Invited by a solar installer I met last fall, I took two friends to an open house for a zero emissions house in Portsmouth, NH. Designed by the house’s owner, who also served as developer and general contractor, the house sits on a sweet little piece of land on the North Mill Pond, a tidal body of water. It rests on a foundation of crushed stone and a thick layer of foam; the floors are all tinted poured concrete. The walls are 2 x 6  framed two feet on center to reduce the number of uninsulated points. Once in place, the framed was covered in plywood, sealed up, and painted with an adhesive paint to which four inches of foam were added before the exterior cladding.  The rate of air exchange is extremely low–1.6 changes per hour, meaning that it is extremely tight. The day was cold and windy but the house was warm. The room on the house’s right is a greenhouse with cherry tomatoes, chard, and baby lettuce in full flourish. On the roof is a fairly large solar array (black) and to its left a smaller solar thermal unit that heats hot water. The whole house is kept warm by the occasional use of a little propane-run fireplace thing.

Sam Mockbee and the Rural Studio

One of my heroes is Sam Mockbee, a socially committed architect who left a commercial practice to teach at Auburn University and co-founded, with fellow professor D. K. Ruth, the Rural Studio, dedicated to bringing sophisticated, artful architecture to residents of poor, rural parts of Alabama. “Everybody wants the same thing,” Mockbee said, “not only a warm, dry room, but a shelter for the soul.” He took his students to rural communities and taught them how to work with local residents to design and build houses and community buildings. The resulting structures are striking, witty, and inventive, using materials ingeniously and to great effect.

A few years ago, my work took me to Montgomery, Alabama, so I stayed on a couple of days, rented a car, and drove out to Hale County, Alabama, where the Rural Studio has done much of its work. Hale County was the setting for Let Us Now Praise Famous Men, the 1941 classic study of rural poverty by James Agee and Walker Evans. It’s still pretty poor.

On my way I stopped in Newbern, Alabama, where the studio is headquartered. Young people were putting together a barbecue but let me wander around the houses they had built and lived in.

The houses sat cheek by jowl under a long common roof; the buildings all faced south and used a wild assortment of materials–cardboard, shredded paper, concrete blocks, license plates, sheet metal, wood, glass, and concrete.
student house 2 newbern 0106-1 1704x1704student house 3 nerbern 0106-1 1704x1704student house 4 newbern 0106

 

 

 

 

I ate dinner at a Mexican restaurant–cheap, busy, and not bad–then walked back the house by a basketball court where two sets of girls, one black, one white, played apart from each other in the dying sun.

The next morning it was raining furiously. My host left for work and her maid, a black woman I guessed in her late forties, a little younger than I but I couldn’t be sure, made me breakfast and stayed and talked with me as I ate. It rained and rained and we talked for a couple of hours. At one point I told her about the two sets of basketball players and asked her when she thought relations between the two races would be healed and she shook her head in disbelief and said, “it will take generations.” She lived with a shiftless man who sat around the house being nasty and I urged her to leave him and gave her $20.

When the rain lifted I drove west to Akron and the nearly invisible Mason’s Bend. The road to Mason’s Bend went through pasturelandon road to Akron, 0106 and these beautiful cows came up to me when I stood by 
their fence.  

detail, chapel, mason's bend 1-6-2006 7-36-42 AMThe Mason’s Bend buildings were beautiful, if neglected. The chapel, which used recylced auto windows for the tower and clay for the walls, was overgrown with weeds but still felt somehow hallowed.  The houses, quirky and interesting, seemed too personal to post here.

From there I went to Akron, Alabama where I had my sights on a Rural Studio version of a community building. As it happened, some men were  moving a printing press into the building.my kennedy's antique printer-1 A man who introduced himself as Mr. Kennedy was setting up a print shop. He and the others were hauling in some antique presses. You can see why people fall in love with machines. Then, too as Kennedy points out in the short video, Proceed and Be Powerful, if you own a press you can say whatever you want.